version 1.7-2

new

• argument w to zonal<SpatRaster,SpatRaster> to compute weighted means
• zonal<SpatRaster,SpatVector> method
• clamp_ts method

bug fixes

• in the previous version, a bug was introduced such that the order of operation in arithmetic operations with SpatRasters was ignored. #978 by Andrew Marx
• Fixed split<SpatVector>. #979 by srfall

version 1.6-53

Released 2023-01-17

new

• arithmetic and logical operations between a SpatRaster and a matrix, to allow for using cell-varying and cell/layer-varying scalars. layer-varying scalars were already supported via vectors.

enhancements

• shade is now vectorized for arguments angle and direction to facilitate generating multiple hillshades that can be combined for a better result #948 by Jürgen Niedballa
• sharedPaths now uses spatial indices #960 by Jeff Hanson
• predict has better support for models such as ranger that do not return anything for missing values #968 by Alex Ilich

bug fixes

• writeCDF now supports writing yearly time steps #926 by Andrea Manica
• as.contour now works for a single level #966 by Johannes Signer
• subsetting a SpatRaster with a window returned a SpatRaster with the dimensions of the non-windowed raster, thus changing the resolution. #964 by Derek Friend
• removing a factor variable from a SpatVector crashed R. #969 by Andrew Gene Brown
• median did not always return the correct number for a SpatRaster with 3 or more layers #970 by MatteaE

version 1.6-47

Released 2022-12-02

new

• roll<SpatRaster> method for rolling (moving) average and other rolling functions
• noNA<SpatRaster> method to identify cells that are not NA (across layers)
• rangeFill<SpatRaster> method

enhancements

• argument exhaustive to spatSample<SpatRaster> for large sparse rasters. #905 by PetiteTong.
• focalPairs and focalReg can now use the values in custom windows as weights. #907 by Fabian Fischer.
• focalReg now has additional arugment “intercept=TRUE”. #916 by Jordan Adamson
• crs(x, warn=TRUE)<- now emits a warning about the difference between transforming and setting a crs when x already had a crs. #897 by Márcia Barbosa.
• it is now possible to write a scale and offset with writeRaster #900 by Kyle David
• crosstab now shows the labels names for a categorical SpatRaster. 895 by Derek Corcoran Barrios
• makeTiles can now take a SpatVector to define the tiles. 920 by Tristan Goodbody

bug fixes

• focalPairs and focalReg now work for custom windows #907 by Fabian Fischer
• argument “alpha” in plot<SpatVector> was not working properly. #906 by Márcia Barbosa.
• time<- with time-step “years” could not handle negative years. #911 by Andrea Manica
• wrap/unwrap (and by extension saveRDS/readRDS) did not handle categorical rasters well #912 by Christine Anderson.
• interpIDW failed with GDAL 3.6 #910 by Roger Bivand
• spatSample with strata bug fix “unable to find an inherited method for function ‘trim’” #919 by Alfredo Ascanio
• it is possible to slice a SpatRaster with a SpatExtent #914 by Jakub Nowosad.
• merge/mosaic did not handle NAs when using two layers #913 by Joao Carreiras.

name changes

• focalCor -> focalPairs to reflect its possible use beyond correlation

version 1.6-41

Released 2022-11-18

new

• [ and [<- for SpatRaster now have a third index k for subsetting or assigning values by layer
• anyNA and allNA for SpatRaster
• unwrap to restore a PackedSpatVector or PackedSpatRaster
• rasterizeWin method for rasterization with a moving window (circle, ellipse, rectangle, buffer)
• interpIDW method for inverse-distance-weighted interpolation of points with a moving window
• interpNear method for nearest neighbor interpolation of points with a moving window
• viewshed method for SpatRaster
• update method for SpatRaster to write new names or a new extent or crs to an existing raster file.
• sieve filter for SpatRaster
• argument segments=FALSE to disagg<SpatRaster>
• sprc<character> method to create a SpatRasterCollection from a file with subdatasets
• graticule function to create a SpatGraticule and related methods plot<SpatGraticule> and crop<SpatGraticule>
• elongate method for SpatVector lines

enhancements

• faster mosaic and merge<SpatRaster> #577 by Jean-Romain
• wrap<SpatRaster> now uses file references if the data is deemed to large to all load into memory. #801 by Jean-Romain
• readRDS and unserialize now return a SpatRaster or SpatVector (instead of a PackedSpat*)
• better support for a “local” arbitrary Euclidean crs #797 by Agustin Lobo
• clamp can now take low and high values for each layer
• The pax argument in plot now provides more control over what to draw on each axis via paramters side, tick and lab
• The pax argument in plot now has argument retro to use a sexagesimal notation of degrees
• extend has a new argument fill=NA
• A warning is now given when combining SpatRasters with different CRSs. #818 by Andrew Marx
• plotRGB now accounts for the value of zlim when stretching; allowing to use the same coloring scheme across SpatRasters #810 by Agustin Lobo.
• the center of rotation for spin is now vectorized

bug fixes

• The annoying garbage collection messages Error in x$.self$finalize() : attempt to apply non-function is now suppressed in most cases. #218 by Charlie Joey Hadley. This problem should go away altogether when a new version of “Rcpp” is released (ETA Jan 2023) thanks to a fix by Kevin Ushey #30
• spatSample with na.rm and SpatRasters with multiple layers did not work. #800 by Andrea Manica
• adjacent<SpatRaster> with pairs=TRUE, include=TRUE ignored include=TRUE #808 by Joseph Lewis
• rasterize did not accept “NA” as value for updating #809 by Márcia Barbosa
• extract with a perfectly vertical or horizontal line failed in some cases #823 by Dimitri Falk
• wrap<SpatVector> failed if there was a single point geometry #815 by Patrick Schaefer
• extract<SpatRaster> with weights=TRUE did not return values #814 by Jean-Luc Dupouey.
• x[["newname"]] <- r for SpatRasters x and r did not work #795 by Jim Shady
• fixed support for some non-conventional netCDF files #869 by Mike Sumner, #864 by eleanorecc, and #851 by Philippe Massicotte.

name changes

• costDistance -> costDist to avoid conflict with {gdistance}
• gridDistance -> gridDist for consistency

version 1.6-17

Released 2022-09-10

new

• droplevels for SpatRaster. [#757] by Rodolfo Jaffe.
• normalize.longitude for SpatVector.
• scoff to get and scoff<- to set the scale (gain) and offset of a SpatRaster.

enhancements

• new argument raw=FALSE to extract<SpatRaster> [#776] by Thomas Roh.
• as.data.frame now takes na.rm=NA to only remove rows that are NA for all layers. The default value changed from TRUE to NA. [#792] by Ed Carnell
• faster plotting of SpatVector data [#774] by Krzysztof Dyba
• distance<SpatRaster> has new arguments “target” and “exclude”. [#560] by Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
• new argument sparse=FALSE for `relate<SpatVector,SpatVector>.
• new argument usenames=FALSE for lapp<SpatRasterDataset> [#793] by Colin Brust.
• vect<character> now reports that a file is non-existent [#784] by John Baums
• faster relate [#716] by Krzysztof Dyba
• focal3D now checks if all the window’s dimensions are odd [#772] by Neander Marcel Heming

bug fixes

• all.equal bug [#756] fixed by John Baums
• extract<“SpatRaster”,“sf”> ignored the ID argument. [#755] by Dainius Masiliūnas.
• There is now (in all cases) a check to avoid overwriting (one of) the input file(s) when writing a raster file [#760] by John Baums
• vrt is no longer constrained by the maximum number of files that can be opened [#780] by 8Ginette8
  
• weighted.mean crashed with numeric weights and na.rm=TRUE [#777] by David Holstius
• project<SpatRaster> did not consider an extent that was set by the user [#775] by Philippe Massicotte
• focalCor failed for large rasters [#607] by John Clark
• focal with expand=TRUE was prone to run out of memory [#610] by Nathan Elliott
• crop<SpatVector> did not work well when the second argument were points or lines [#782] by Márcia Barbosa
• adjacent with pairs=TRUE now respects the include=TRUE argument [808] by Joseph Lewis

version 1.6-7

Released 2022-08-07

new

• method blocks to guide reading raster data in chunks. [#748] by John Baums

enhancements

• A warning is given when writing raster values that are outside the limits of the requested datatype [#752] by Jim Shady
• Arguments to extract were simplified. [#736] by François Rousseu

bug fixes

• values of focal where not correct if the input SpatRaster had multiple layers and a “custom” function. [#727] by Jean-Luc Dupouey.
• plot<SpatRaster> did not honor argument legend=FALSE. [#738] by Grzegorz Sapijaszko
• expanse failed when processing in chunks [#741] by Gareth Davies
• crop<SpatRaster,SpatExtent> with argument snap="out" could lead to a crash if the extent was beyond the SpatRaster. [#740] by Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini

version 1.6-3

Released 2022-07-25

bug fixes

• subst no longer uses values that it changed earlier on. [#639] by Paul Smith
• as.points<SpatRaster> could return wrong factor labels. [#640] by Attilio Benini
• mask<SpatRaster,SpatVector> crashed when the results were written to disk. [#646] by Monika Anna Tomaszewska
• extract<SpatRaster,SpatVector(points)>(xy=TRUE) returned the locations of the points, not the xy-coordinates of the cells. [#650] by Ward Fonteyn
• wrap<SpatRaster> did not return the correct labels for some categorical rasters. [#652] by Jakub Nowosad
• better support for non-latin characters in the legend [#658] by Krzysztof Dyba
• holes in small lon/lat polygons are now properly buffered [#689] by David Hofmann

enhancements

• subst can now substitute the values from multiple input layers with a single output value (layer)
• subset<SpatVector> now behaves like subset<data.frame> [#648] by Andrew Gene Brown
• setting category labels with a vector of names is now deprecated. A data.frame with at least two columns should be used. The first column should have the cell values (IDs).
• It is now possible to “drop” a layer from a SpatRaster by setting it to NULL [#664] by Daniel Valentins
• freq now provides the labels of factors, even if bylayer=FALSE. It now always returns a data.frame (it used to return a matrix in some cases. [#687] by Rodolfo Jaffé
• disagg and aggregate now return a warning instead of an error when using a (dis)aggregation factor of 1.[#684] by Justin Fain.
• project crashed when erroneously projecting raster data from one celestial body to another [#688] by Mike Sumner
• you can now set a color table with a two column (value, ID) data.frame
• categorical rasters can now be updated more easily [#667] by Alex Ilich
• more control over matching values with colors when using plot. [673] by Jakub Nowosad.
• SpatVector attributes can now also be a factor, date, or POSIXct. [697] by Grant Williamson
• improved handling of missing values in extract(method="bilinear"). [693] by swooping-magpie

new

• argument as.raster to unique<SpatRaster> to create a categorical raster with the unique combinations in the layers of the input raster. The default for argument na.rm was changed to FALSE
• sort<SpatRaster> to sort cell values across layers.
• has.colors and has.RGB for SpatRaster
• cover can now combine categorical rasters
• concats to combine the levels of two SpatRaster into new categories [663] by Alex Ilich
• zonal<SpatVector,SpatVector> method to aggregate SpatVector attributes by polygons

version 1.5-34

Released 2022-06-09

bug fixes

• “flipped” rasters were not always handled well. [#546] by Dan Baston
• better reading of GTiff with subdatsets. [#601] by Kyle Doherty
• better handling of multi-layer categorical rasters and extract. [#580] by André M. Bellvé
• weighted.mean did not adjust the weights if there were NAs in the values. [#574] by Lars Dalby
• bug in masking. [#552] reported by Márcia Barbosa and [565] by Jakub Nowosad.
• fixed stretch option in plotRGB [#550] by Agustin Lobo
• unwrap of a SpatRaster failed with a crs including a “’”. [#602] by Jean Romain.
• spatSample with cells=TRUE failed for planar data [#544] by Benjamin Misiuk
• compareGeom(x, y, stopOnError=FALSE) did not remove the error messages stored in x leading to unexpected warnings later on. [#568] by David Hofmann.

enhancements

• Using & or | with SpatRasters now returns a boolean SpatRaster. [#594] by Dan Baston
• SpatVector now supports logical values. [#593] by Derek Friend
• Attempt to create SpatRaster with an invalid number of rows now gives an error. [#544] by Dan Baston
• layerCor does not create temp files anymore. [#551] by Christine Anderson
• not using the same iterator symbols in nested loops to avoid warnings on the Intel compiler. [#573] by Gareth Davies.

new

• new arguments res and origin to project<SpatRaster> method. [#596] by Alex Ilich
• new argument inside=TRUE to centroids to get a centroid-like point that is guaranteed to be on the geometry (“point on surface”). [#588] by Márcia Barbosa
• new argument keepgeom=FALSE to vect<data.frame> that allows setting (keeping) the geometry as an attribute. [#586] by Márcia Barbosa
• saveRDS and serialize methods for SpatRaster and SpatVector. [#549] by Andrei Mîrț
• xFromCol and yFromCol now have a <SpatRaster,missing> method. [#583] by Michael Sumner.
• svc<sf> method to deal with GeometryCollection types. [#585] by Sarah Endicott
• as.points<SpatRaster> and as.polygons<SpatRaster> have a new argument na.all=FALSE that affects the interpretation of na.rm. [#548] by Jean-Luc Dupouey.
• setGDALconfig and getGDALconfig to set GDAL configuration options. [#608] by Erik Bolch.
• new argument circular to rapp to allow the start to be after the end (for if layers represent days of the year)
• new method costDistance<SpatRaster>
• new methods where.min and where.max for SpatRaster to get the cell numbers for the extreme values in a SpatRaster.
• new method emptyGeoms<SpatVector> to get the indices of empty (null) geometries
• new method rasterizeGeom to rasterize the geometry count or the area of (small) polygons or the length of lines.
• new method not.na for SpatRaster which is a shortcut for !is.na(x).
• as.list implemented for <SpatRasterDataset>.
• sources implemented for <SpatRasterDataset>, <SpatVector> and <SpatVectorProxy> [#638] by Andrew Gene Brown

name changes

• delauny -> delaunay [#627] by Derek Friend

version 1.5-21

Released 2022-02-17

• writeVector and vect now work with GPGK if the path has non-ascii characters [#518]
• The results of predict with cores > 1 and more than one output variable were garbled
• zonal dropped category names when using an external (R) function [#527] by Jakub Nowosad
• focal/focalCpp showed strange patterns when the window size was larger than the block size [#519] by Alex Ilich
• using xy=TRUE in as.data.frame normalized the names [#538] by Kodi Arfer
• new argument options to vrt [#629] by Monika Tomaszewska.

enhancements

• makeTiles has new arguments extend and na.rm [#520] by by L. Dalby
• project<SpatRaster> now uses nearest neighbor as default method for RGB rasters
• new argument na.rm=TRUE to unique. [#561] by Matthieu Stigler

version 1.5-17

Released 2022-01-30

bug fixes

• app<SpatRasterDataset> ignored the filename. [#498] by jszhao
• vect<data.frame> failed silently if xy coordinates were integers [#496] by Márcia Barbosa
• The output of aggregate<SpatRaster> was malformed when nrow(x) %% fact != 0. [#492] by Jean-François Bourdon
• Integer NAs in SpatVector attributes where only recognized on Windows [#491] by Márcia Barbosa
• plot<SpatVector> failed when using a character variable with many unique values. [#489] by Márcia Barbosa
• rotate failed on large files. Reported by Ujjawal Singh
• writing raster files with a color table could lead to a crash [#501] by Kodi Arfer
• crds replicated the coordinates [#504] by Murray Efford
• as.data.frame<SpatRaster> returned integers if the file stored values as integers, even if there was a scale/offset that creates decimal numbers [#509] by Kodi Arfer
• project opened the input raster file in read/write mode intead of read mode. That did not work with files that cannot be updated.

enhancements

• distance, gridDistance, direction and patches now process all layers of the input SpatRaster. [#503] by Chris Haak
• consistent copy-on-modify behavior in ()<- methods. in-place updating available with set. methods such as set.names and set.values. [#493] by Jean Romain and [#511] by Bryan Fuentes
• much faster writing of GPGK vector data by using a single transaction (following sf) [#460] by Krzysztof Dyba
• aggregate<SpatRaster> now accepts functions that return more than one value per aggregated cell
• writeVector has new argument insert to add a layer to an existing file (e.g. GPKG).

new

• new option method="weights" for spatSample<SpatRaster>
• new mask<SpatVector,SpatVector> method to select intersecting geometries
• new method is.related
• values<SpatRaster> has new option na.rm=TRUE. [#490] by Henk Harmsen
• new class SpatVectorProxy to provide access to large vector databases that cannot or should not be read into memory in its entirety.
• new argument proxy=FALSE to vect to create a SpatVectorProxy object
• new method query<SpatVectorProxy> to extract parts of a SpatVectorProxy
• new method vector_layers that returns, and can delete, vector format layers from a database/file such as GPKG

name changes

To avoid name clashes with tidyverse

• arrow -> north
• src -> sprc
• simplify -> simplifyGeom

For consistency

• setCats -> set.cats

version 1.5-12

Released 2022-01-13

bug fixes

• setValues and init failed (or even crashed R) when using a single value on a largish raster. [#414]
• conversion from sfc to SpatVector lost the crs. [#415] by Jean-Luc Dupouey
• buffer on a SpatRaster with no values caused a crash [#416] by Sebastian Brinkmann
• writeVector now assumes “traditional GIS order” (long/lat) if the CRS specifies lat/long. [#333]( by Agustin Lobo
• argument main was ignored in density when using a single layer SpatRaster [#424] by dvictori
• Summary type math functions such as min and mean, when used with multiple SpatRasters and numbers, ignored additional SpatRasters [#426] by Zhuonan Wang
• names are now conserved when creating a SpatRaster from a RasterStack that points to file(s) [#430] by Dan Baston
• classify with right=FALSE ignored include.lowest=TRUE [#442] by Alex Ilich
• patches now combines patches that connect across the data line [#366] by Hirscht
• patches(directions=8) now connects in NE/SW direction [#451] by Jean-François Bourdon.
• centroids now considers cases where SpatVector parts are nearest to each other when crossing the date line in stead of the zero-meridian [#366] by Hirscht
• terrain created empty (NA) rows between chunks used for processing large rasters. [#453] by Robert Ritson.
• inset did not draw the “box” correctly. [#457] by Márcia Barbosa
• as.lines now works with a points SpatVector [#464] by Márcia Barbosa

enhancements

• values(x)<- now accepts (hex coded) colors as values
• focal now wraps around the dateline like raster::focal [#242] by Alexander Marbler
• aggregate now does not show a progress bar in all cases [#249] by Lachlan
• as.data.frame<SpatRaster> or <SpatVector> are now also implemented as S3 methods to assure correct dispatch by other S3 methods such as data.table::as.data.table. See [#284] by Patrick Schratz
• crs now shows the correct authority if it is not EPSG. [#419] by Matthew Williamson
• It now possible to add a SpatRaster to an empty SpatRaster (with no values), even if it has a different geometry, ignoring the empty SpatRaster [#421] by Alex Ilich.
• rast<filename> has a new argument lyrs to subset the layers and open the file in one step.
• rast<array> now has a crs and extent argument. [#439] by RS-eco
• type="xyz" is now default in rast<data.frame>. [#438] by RS-eco
• classify has a new argument brackets to show if a side of an interval is open or closed.
• further support for categorical data in freq and as.data.frame. [#441] ngould7
• speed up in processing of multi-layer in memory data. [#437] by Krzysztof Dyba
• vect<matrix> and vect<data.frame> are now much faster. [#413] by BastienFR
  
• extract with points provided as a matrix or cell numbers is not much faster. [#341]
• focal has a new argument na.policy that can be set to one of “all” (default), “only” or “omit”. argument na.only has been removed, as you can now use na.policy="only"
• inset argument border changed to perimeter to allow passing border on to plot<Spat*>. [#456] by Márcia Barbosa
• The compile-time and run-time versions of GEOS are now compared and a warning is given if they are not the same. [#459] by Edzer Pebesma
• it is now possible to add sub-datasets to GPKG and GTiff files. [#300] by gtitov
• general option memfrac can now be set to zero (in stead of not lower than 0.1). [#476] by Matt Strimas-Mackey
• new argument allowGaps in patches to disallow gaps between patch IDs. See [#478] by Dunbar Carpenter.

new

• timestamps and units are now saved to an auxiliary file (filename.aux.json) for all raster formats except NetCDF when using writeCDF (because in that case they are stored in the netcdf file)
• new method mergeTime to combine multiple rasters, perhaps partly overlapping in time, into a single time series
• new method fillTime that can add empty layers in between existing layers to assure that the time step between layers is constant
• new method approximate to fill in missing values by cell across layers
• new methods is.bool and as.bool for SpatRaster and explicit recognition of Boolean raster data in various places (e.g., extract, plot)
• new methods is.int and as.int for SpatRaster.
• when assigning integer values to a SpatRaster, or when reading an integer file, the corresponding layers are now classified as being of integer type [#446] by L. Dalby
• new method layerCor (like raster::layerStats). [#420] by Alex Ilich
• new method focalCor (like raster::corLocal). [#427] by Zhuonan Wang
• new method all.equal for SpatRaster. See [#428] by Dongdong Kong
• new method math for SpatRaster that implements the Math-generic methods and accepts a filename
• new method sds<array>
• new method rasterize<matrix>, see [#413] by BastienFR
  
• new method colorize to transform color representations
  
• new method arrow to draw a (North) arrow on a map. [#461] by Márcia Barbosa
• new method densify to insert nodes between existing nodes of a line or polygon SpatVector
• new method direction for SpatRaster. [#462] by Márcia Barbosa
• new method focal3D to compute focal values for a three-dimensional (row, column, layer) window
• new function makeVRT to create a vrt file for a file that needs a header to be read.
• new option method="stratified" for spatSample<SpatRaster>. [#470] by Michael Mahoney
• new general option memmax to cap the amount of RAM that terra can be used in raster processing [#476] by Matt Strimas-Mackey
• new method gridDistance to compute distances traversing a raster, perhaps with obstacles. [#477] by Márcia Barbosa

version 1.4-22

Released 2021-11-24

changes

• focal now has ellipses (...) to allow for providing additional arguments to fun. For this reason it does not have a na.rm argument anymore as that can be supplied via the ellipses. In practice this means that the default will be na.rm=FALSE for the standard functions such as mean and sum.

bug fixes

• app grossly overestimated RAM needed, slowing it down. Reported by Jerry Nelson
• terra now installs, again, with older versions of GEOS [#406] by fparyani
• terra did not install with Clang on CRAN/OSX due to using C++13 idiom.

enhancements

• lapp and tapp now have a cores argument (as do app and predict). Suggested by Dongdong Kong [#365]
• focal now also works with a function that returns multiple values. See [#318] by Alex Ilich.
• focal can now process multiple layers in one step.
• expanded support for conversion from stars objects [#220] by Jakub Nowosad

new

• focalCpp takes a C++ function that iterates over cells to speed up computation by avoiding apply (see [#318] by Alex Ilich).
• focalReg for focal OLS regression models between layers

version 1.4-20

Released 2021-11-16

bug fixes

• terra did not install with versions of GDAL below 3 [#402] by Alex Ilich.
• distance between two SpatVectors or matrices with pairwise=FALSE returned a matrix that was filled by column instead of by row [#403] by Paul Smith

version 1.4-19

Released 2021-11-15

bug fixes

• rast with some NetCDF files failed because of bad parsing of dates. [#361] by Juan Carlos Zamora-Pereira
• distance<SpatRaster> with lon/lat data was not correct. [#368] by Greg Schmidt
• as.polygons<SpatRaster> failed with a SpatRaster and a categorical layer that is not the first layer. [#370] by Patrick Schratz
• The filename argument in rasterize was not ignored, also causing errors when writing to temporary files. [#377] by Robbie Price
• rast<character> crashed if the sds was an empty character string. [#381] by Dan Baston
• plot<SpatVector> now responds to the range argument [#385] by Márcia Barbosa
• zonal failed for user-defined functions. [#393] by mqueinnec

new

• new method selectHighest to select n cell values with the highest or lowest values.
• new method vect<list> to append SpatVectors (faster than do.call(rbind, x))
• new argument align=FALSE to project to align to the template SpatRaster but ignore the resolution
• new method gdalCache to set the GDAL cache size, contributed by Dan Baston [#387]
• new method fileBlocksize
• new argument options to writeVector to pass layer creation options to GDAL
• new SpatVector topology methods mergeLines, snap, makeNodes, removeDupNodes, gaps, simplify
• new SpatVector characterization methods width and clearance

enhancements

• terra now installs with older versions of GEOS [#363]
• terra now installs on CentOS 7 with GDAL 2.1.4 and a C++ compiler that does not support std::regexp. [#384] by Ariel Paulson

version 1.4-11

Released 2021-10-11

enhancements

• the definition of setValues now has two arguments (x and values), just like raster had; to avoid reverse dependency problems with raster

version 1.4-9

Released 2021-10-07

name changes

To avoid name conflicts with sp (via raster) disaggregate is now called disagg and bbox,SpatRaster and bbox<SpatVector> have been removed (but could be resurrected in raster or under another name).

enhancements

• project and resample now choose the resampling method based on the first layer, using “near” for categorical data. Thanks to Matthew Lewis [#355]

bug fixes

• hist failed with small samples. Issue [#356] by Martin Queinnec

version 1.4-7

Released 2021-10-05

note

terra no longer depends on raster. To avoid name clashes between these two packages, and to allow replacing methods from rgeos and rgdal in raster, raster now depends on terra instead.

enhancements

• freq has a new argument usenames. See issue [#309] by Bappa Das
• rast<character> has a new argument opts that can be used to pass GDAL open options. See issue [#314]
• rast<SpatRaster> now takes arguments names and vals. See issue [#323] by Dongdong Kong
• crs<- now warns if an unsupported datum is used. See issue [#317]
• spatSample now returns factor values if a SpatRaster layer is.factor except when using as.df=FALSE
• new method origin<- to set the origin of a SpatRaster. See issue [#326] by Jakub Nowosad
• crs has a new argument parse. See [#344]
• plot<SpatRaster,missing> has a new argument reset=FALSE that allows resetting the par()$mar parameters after plotting. See issue [#340] by Derek Friend
• crds has a new argument na.rm. See [#338] by Kodi Arfer
• show(Spat*) now prints the name and EPSG code of a crs if available. See [#317] by Jakub Nowosad

bug fixes

• plotRGB failed if there were NAs. Issue [#308] by Jakub Nowosad
• writeVector crashed R when used with a SpatVector with no geometries. Reported by Timothy White in issue [#319]
• summary<SpatRaster> now returns counts for the classes (instead of a numerical summary of the indices) [#324] by Jakub Nowosad
• tapp with a character index now returns a SpatRaster with the correct names [#345] by Stuart Brown
• rasterize with a character variable now adds the ID column to the categories [#337] by Tate Brasel
• cellSize now masks values in all cases (when requested with mask=TRUE). Issue [#339] by Jean-Luc Dupouey
• buffer<SpatVector> no longer treats lines like polygons [#332] by Márcia Barbosa
• plot now passes the layer index to fun [#310] by Ben Tupper
• the to_id in nearest was sometimes wrong. See [#328] by Shawn Ligocki
• better support for ESRI value attribute tables (VAT). See this SO question
• focal did not reset initial values for NA cells when processing chunks. [#312] by Jeffrey Evans
• focal could run out of memory when using a large window and user-defined function, and was inexact at the chunk boundary [#347]
• zonal with as.raster=TRUE failed for categorical SpatRasters [#348] by Jakub Nowosad

version 1.3-22

Released 2021-08-20

enhancements

• if time(x) <- d is set with a Date class object, time(x) now returns a Date object instead of a POSIXct object. Issue [#256] by Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini
• The UTF-8 encoding of character attributes of a SpatVector is now declared such that they display correctly in R. See issue [#258] by AGeographer. Also implemented for names in both SpatVector and SpatRaster
• rast<data.frame> method to avoid confusion with the matrix and list methods in response to a SO question by Stackbeans
• the extreme values used to represent NA where not as intended (one or two lower) for INT2U and INT4U. Reported by Jean-Luc Dupouey on stackoverflow
• writeCDF now also writes the time dimensions if there is only one time-step. See this SO question
• vect<character> (filename) now has argument layer to select a layer from a multi-layer file / database, and arguments query, extent and filter for reading a subset
• subst can now create multiple output layers See [issue 276] by Agustin Lobo
• classify can now create different multiple output layers See [issue 276] by Agustin Lobo
• Argument alpha of plot<SpatRaster> can now be a SpatRaster. See this SO question by James McCarthy

bug fixes

• The filename and overwrite arguments were ignored in rasterize
• gdal options are now also honored for create-copy drivers [#260]
• buffer for lonlat now works better at the world’s “edges” [#261]
• scale/offset were ignored by project. Reported by Fabian Fischer
• rasterize<SpatRaster,SpatVector> with inverse=TRUE crashed the R session. Issue [#264] by Jean-Luc Dupouey
• The output of merge and mosaic was not correct for large rasters (only the first rows were used). Reported by Zavud Baghirov in [#271]
• as.points,SpatRaster did not remove NA’s correctly and shifted values. Issues [#269] and [#273] by Julian Hagenauer
• rast<matrix> rotated values when using an equal-sided matrix [#274] by Jakub Nowosad
• the number of rows and columns were reversed when using project with a crs argument. [#283] by Timothée Giraud
• In classify, argument right had TRUE and FALSE reversed.
• terrain had edge effects [#303] by Andrew Gene Brown.
• terrain can now compute multiple variables at once [#286] by Žan Kuralt
• wrap<SpatRaster> changed factors into numeric [#302] by Patrick Schratz
• writeVector failed with “FlatGeobuf” (and probably other formats as well) for not using a proper MultiPolygon [#299] by L Dalby
• regular sampling of polygons with spatSample is now much more regular [#289] by Jakub Nowosad

version 1.3-4

Released 2021-06-20

new

• na.omit<SpatVector> to remove empty geometries and/or attribute records that have an NA
• new method src to create a SpatRasterCollection (a loose collection of tiles).
• merge and mosaic now have methods for a SpatRasterCollection. To avoid the (inefficient) use of do.call. #210 by Matthew Talluto.
• activeCat and activeCat<- to get or set the “active” category if there are multiple categories (raster attributes)
• as.numeric and catalyze to transfer categories to numeric cell values
• summarize methods such as range and mean for (the attributes of) a SpatVector
• new method shade, to compute hill shading

enhancements

• additional arguments (such as na.rm) are now used by rasterize with point geometries. #209 by Jakub Nowosad
• improved handling (and documentation) of gstat models by interpolate. #208 by Jakub Nowosad
• new argument cpkgs to predict to list the packages that need to be exported to the cores if argument cores is larger than one. ?predict now shows different approaches to parallelize predict (based on examples in issue. #178 by by Matthew Coghill.
• freq now returns labels for categorical layers
• adjacent now has a pairs argument. #239 by Kenneth Blake Vernon
• adjacent now also takes a matrix to specify adjacent cells
• mean and other summarize methods now take a filename argument and disallow non-recognized named arguments. #238 by Jessica Nephin
• The raster attribute table of ESRI-GRID integer data, or from an ESRI vat.dbf file is now ignored if it only has the counts of the values. #234 by Jullee
• time attributes are no longer lost when doing raster operations. #246 by Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini
• resample (and project) no longer ignore gdal="" write options and use BIGTIFF if necessary (suggested by Ani Ghosh)
• new argument layer in the extract-SpatRaster,SpatVector method to extract values for a single layers specified for each geometry (see this question).

bug fixes

• better handling of paths with non-ASCII characters (e.g., Chinese) for GeoTiff but still fails for NetCDF. [#233] by Dongdong Kong
• extract with points and cells=TRUE or xy=TRUE gave garbled output
• as.character<SpatRaster> (called by wrap) did not capture the layer names. [#213] by Pascal Title
• focal mirrored the weight matrix, thus affecting the results when using an asymmetrical weight matrix. Reported by Sebastiano Trevisani
• terra::terraOptions now works without attaching the package. [#229] by Karl Dunkle Werner
• app with ncores > 0 and a function that returns multiple layers now works. [#240] by BastienFR.
• autocor (local) can now handle NA values. [#245] by Jakub Nowosad .
• mask with a SpatVector and a large (out of memory) multi-layer SpatRaster only worked for the first layer. Reported by Monika Tomaszewska.

version 1.2-10

Released 2021-05-13

new

• as.lines method for SpatRaster
• as.polygons method for SpatVector lines
• autocor<numeric> has new methods mean, to compute the local mean, and locmor, for the local Moran’s I
• sharedPaths method for SpatVector (lines and polygons)
• RGB2col method to reduce a three-layer RGB SpatRaster to a single layer SpatRaster with a color-table (with <= 256 colors)
• split methods for SpatVector and SpatRaster

enhancements

• rast<Raster*> now takes the crs from the Raster object, not from the file it may point to. [#200] by Floris Vanderhaeghe
• convhull has a new argument by="" to make convex hulls for sub-sets of a SpatVector.
• faster processing of large in memory rasters. See issue [#206] by Krzysztof Dyba.

bug fixes

• extract with multiple layers could return a data.frame where the values were not in the correct order (by row instead of by column)
• crop works again with sf objects. [#201] by Sebastian Brinkmann
• vect<sf> now also works for lines, and should be faster
• vect<character> crashed R if a file had empty geometries. [#202] by consumere
• extract(points, bilinear=TRUE, cells=TRUE) now works. [#203] by fab4app
• zonal now works for min and max. [#207] Reported by Jakub Nowosad

name changes

To avoid name conflicts with the spatstat package

• area,SpatRaster-method(x, sum=FALSE) -> cellSize(x)
• area,SpatRaster/SpatVector-method(x, sum=TRUE) -> expanse(x)
• convexhull -> convHull
• perimeter -> perim
• tiles -> makeTiles
• coords -> crds

version 1.2-5

Released 2021-04-30

new

• trim has a new argument value that allows trimming rows and columns with other values than the default NA
• rapp has a new argument clamp that allows clamping start and end values to 1:nlyr(x), avoiding that all values are considered NA
• spatSample<SpatRaster> has new arguments as.points and values. Getting values, cells and coordinates is no longer mutually exclusive. In response to [#191] by Agustin Lobo
• area<SpatRaster> has a new argument mask=FALSE
• classify can now take a single number to request that many cuts
• mosaic and merge now warn and resample if rasters are not aligned
• extract has a new argument exact to get the fraction covered for each cell

bug fixes

• flip(x, direction="vertical") no longer reverses the order of the layers
• extract did not work for horizontal or vertical lines as their extent was considered invalid. Reported by Monika Tomaszewska
• autocor did not handle NA values [#192] by Laurence Hawker
• nearest now works for angular coordinates
• The unit of slope in terrain was not correct (the tangent was returned instead of the slope), [#196] by Sven Alder
• quantile now works for rasters that have cells that are all NA. Reported by Jerry Nelson

name changes

To avoid name conflicts with tidyverse

with deprecation warning:

• separate -> segregate
• expand -> extend
• near -> nearby
• pack -> wrap

without deprecation warning:

• transpose -> trans
• collapse -> tighten
• fill -> fillHoles
• select -> sel

version 1.1-17

Released 2021-04-14

major changes

• c<SpatVector> now returns a list. rbind is used to append SpatVector objects
• overhaul of handling of factors. rats has been removed, and levels and cats have changed

version 1.1-4

• No news recorded for this version and earlier versions